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In Greek mythology, Enceladus ( ''Enkélados'') was one of the Giants, the offspring of Gaia (Earth), and Uranus (Sky). Enceladus was the traditional opponent of Athena during the Gigantomachy, the war between the Giants and the gods, and was said to be buried under Mount Etna in Sicily. ==Sources== Enceladus was one of the Gigantes (Giants), who according to Hesiod, were the offspring of Gaia, born from the blood that fell when Uranus (Sky) was castrated by their son Cronus.〔For the birth of the Gigantes see Hesiod, ''Theogony'' (185 ). Hyginus, ''Fabulae'' (Preface ) gives Tartarus as the father of the Giants.〕 The Giants fought Zeus and the other Olympian gods in the Gigantomachy, their epic battle for control of the cosmos.〔Apollodorus, (1.6.1 ).〕 A Giant named Enceladus, fighting Athena, is attested in art as early as an Attic Black-figure pot dating from the second quarter of the sixth century BC (Louvre E732).〔Gantz, pp. 450–451; Arafat, p. 16; Beazley (14590 ), ''LIMC'' (Gigantes 170 ).〕 In literature, references to the Giant occur as early as the plays of the fifth century BC Greek tragedian Euripides, where, for example, in Euripides' ''Ion'' the chorus describes seeing on the late sixth century Temple of Apollo at Delphi, Athena "brandishing her gorgon shield against Enceladus".〔Euripides, ''Ion'' (205–218 ). See also Euripides, ''Heracles'' (906–908 ).〕 Although traditionally opposed by Athena, Virgil and others have Enceladus being struck down by Zeus.〔See for example Cook 1925, (p. 909 ); Arafat, p. 16. For Zeus as Enceladus' opponent see, for example, ''Batrachomyomachia'' ("Battle of Frogs and Mice"), (277–283 (pp. 560–561) ); Virgil, ''Aeneid'' (3.578 ff. ); Statius, ''Thebaid'' (11.8 (pp. 390–391) ); Propertius, ''Elegies'' (2.1.39–40 (pp. 82–83) ); Lucilius Junior (?), ''Aetna'' (71–73 (pp. 8–9) ). See also Quintus Smyrnaeus, ''Posthomerica'' (or ''Fall of Troy''), (5.641–643 (pp. 252–253) ) and (14.582–585 (pp. 606–607) ) where, respectively, Enceladus is struck by Zeus, and buried under Sicily by Athena.〕 In Euripides' comic satyr play ''Cyclops'', Silenus, the drunken companion of the wine god Dionysus, boasts of having killed Enceladus with his spear.〔Euripides, ''Cyclops'' (1–9 ).〕 The third century BC poet Callimachus has Enceladus buried under the island of Sicily,〔Callimachus, (fragment 117 (382) (pp. 342–343) ).〕 and according to the mythographer Apollodorus, Athena hurled the island of Sicily at the fleeing Enceladus during the Gigantomachy.〔Apollodorus, (1.6.2 ). See also Quintus Smyrnaeus, ''Posthomerica'' (or ''Fall of Troy''), (14.582–585 (pp. 606–607) ).〕 The Latin poets Virgil, Statius and Claudian all locate his burial under Mount Etna,〔Virgil, ''Aeneid'' (3.578 ff. ) (with Conington's (note to 3.578 )); Statius, ''Thebaid'' (11.8 (pp. 390–391) ); Claudian, ''Rape of Proserpine'' (1.153–159 (pp. 304–305) ), (2.151–162 (pp. 328–331) ), (3.186–187 (pp. 358–359) ). See also the poem ''Aetna'' (perhaps written by Lucilius Junior), (71–73 (pp. 8–9) ); Philostratus, ''Life of Apollonius of Tyana'' (5.16 (pp. 498–501) ).〕 although other traditions had the monster Typhon or the Hundred-Hander Briareus buried under Etna.〔For Typhon, see Pindar, ''Pythian'' (1.15–29 ), ''Olympian'' (4.6–7 ); Aeschylus, ''Prometheus Bound'' (353–374 ); b scholia to ''Iliad'' 2.783 (Kirk, Raven, and Schofield. (pp. 59–60 no. 52 )); Apollodorus, (1.6.3 ); Valerius Flaccus, ''Argonautica'' (2.23 ff. ); Ovid, ''Metamorphoses'' (5.346 ff. ) (which has Typhon buried under all of Sicily, with his left and right hands under Pelorus and Pachynus, his feet under Lilybaeus, and his head under Etna); Philostratus, ''Life of Apollonius of Tyana'' (5.16 (pp.498–501) ); Philostratus the Elder, ''Imagines'' (2.17.5 (pp. 198–201) ). Typhon was also said to be buried under the volcanic island of Ischia the largest of the Phlegraean Islands off the coast of Naples, see Lycophron, ''Alexandra'' (688–693 (pp. 550–551) ); Virgil, ''Aeneid'' (9.715–716 ) (calling the island "Inarime"); Strabo, (5.4.9 ) (calling the island "Pithecussae"); Ridgway, David, (pp. 35–36 ); Silius Italicus, ''Punica'' (8.540 ); Claudian, ''Rape of Proserpine'' (3.183–184 (pp. 358–359) ). For Briareus see Callimachus, ''Hymn 4 (to Delos)'' (141–146 (pp. 96–97) ); Mineur, (p. 153 )〕 For some Enceladus was instead buried in Italy.〔Philostratus the Elder, ''Imagines'' (2.17.5 (pp. 198–201) ).〕 The Latin poet Horace has Enceladus use trees as spears.〔Horace, ''Odes'' (3.4.49–51 ).〕 The second century AD geographer Pausanias reports that a Tegean statue of Athena was called "Horse goddess" because according to a local account Athena "drove the chariot and horses against Enceladus".〔Pausanias, (8.47.1 ).〕 Claudian calls Enceladus "all powerful king of the Earth-born giants",〔Claudian, ''Rape of Proserpine'' (3.351 (pp. 370–371) ). However Apollodorus (1.6.1 ) has Porphyrion and Alcyoneus as the two most preeminent Giants, while Pindar, ''Pythian'' (8.12–18 ) has the Giant Porphyrion, and Homer, ''Odyssey'' (7.56–63 ) has the Giant Eurymedon, as king.〕 and has Gaia, imagining the Giants victorious, propose that "Enceladus, rule the sea".〔Claudian, ''Gigantomachia'' (32–33 (pp. 282–283) ).〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Enceladus (mythology)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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